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Omsk State
Agrarian University
named after P.A. Stolypin

RU EN

Genetics and Breeding Center

Director of the Center – Vladimir Shamanin

The center consists of two laboratories:

  • Laboratory of Breeding and Seed Production of Field Crops named after S. I. Leontyev that is a part of the Educational and Experimental Farm;
  • Laboratory of Genetics of Grain Crops of Educational and Experimental Farm.

Research areas

The Center seeks for theoretical and practical solutions to the adaptive and ecological issues of wheat breeding, based on strengthening the genetic control of plants ability to effectively use favorable environmental factors and resist the effects of abiotic and biotic stress – the "genotype dominates the environment" concept.

Comprehensive research has allowed us to justify both theoretically and practically the selective breeding technology of soft spring wheat. The main components of the technology are:  

  • Search for genes that help wheat to resist bad environmental factors (above all, drought and diseases), and their use in hybridization process;
  • Assessment and selection based on provocative conditions such as dry land, early sowing periods, infectious conditions, saline soils;
  • Extensive environmental testing of the created source material in various locations in the West Siberian and Ural regions.
  • Breeding of field crops that combine high productivity, resistance to biotic and abiotic stress and high grain quality.
  • Genetic evidence and improvement of methods of breeding of new varieties of grain crops resistant to unfavourable biotic and abiotic factors for the conditions of Western Siberia;
  • Genetic study of physiological processes, in particular, the study of mechanisms of resistance to drought, protective responses widespread pests and diseases dangers;
  • Genetics of plant development;
  • Genetics of gliadin complexes that serves to improve the quality of wheat varieties created in the breeding process;
  • Genetics of wild grasses and wild relatives of spring soft wheat, varieties of Agropyrum, Aegilops;
  • Development of genetic methods for identification of genotypes and their use in initial seed production of grain crops;
  • Identification of genes of disease resistance based on DNA-marker technology with the use of PCR method;
  • Study of economically valuable traits determined by Quantitative Trait Loci of lines of mapping population of spring soft wheat;
  • Clarification of the main genetic parameters and requirements for varieties of the studied crops in Western Siberia in accordance with the growing conditions, the current environmental and economic situation;
  • Creation of source material for selective breeding using wild grasses, identification of donors from the CIMMYT, the Institute of Plant Industry and other Russian and foreign breeding and genetic institutions collections;
  • Planning and organization of comprehensive scientific research on the development and improvement of modern methods for breeding of grain varieties.

Research results

More than 20 varieties of soft spring wheat have been created. They are included into the State register of breeding achievements in 4 regions of Russia.

Phenotypic and genetic sources for breeding for biotic and abiotic stress resistance were identified among synthetic wheat lines obtained from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and Kyoto University. The lines were created by crossing drought-resistant durum wheat varieties from Ukraine, Romania and the United States with samples of Ae. tauschii from the Caspian Sea basin (Iran, Azerbaijan and Dagestan) and other ecoregions.

The significance of synthetic wheat varieties as means of providing disease resistance has been proved. It is confirmed by high resistance to diseases. 19 lines (12.9%) are resistant to wheat leaf rust. 36 lines (24.5%) are resistant to stem rust, and 29 lines (19.7%) are resistant to powdery mildew. Lines with group immunity to all three pathogens were identified: no. 14 Langdon / Ku-2075, no. 21 Langdon / Ku-20-9, no. 22 Langdon / Ig 48042, no. 33 Ukr-Od 1530.94 / Ae.sq. (629), no. 53 Langdon / Ku-2079, no. 65 Langdon / Ku-2105.

Effective genes for brown rust resistance and genes effective in gene pyramiding were identified: Lr10, Lr24, and Lr34, including those introduced to the synthetic wheat genome from Ae. tauschii – Lr21 and Lr39 (Lr41).

Synthetic wheat lines are recommended as means of resistance to Septoria: no.29 Langdon / IG-126387, no. 31 Aisberg / AE.sq. (369), no.32 Aisberg / AE. sq. (369), no. 33 Ukr-Od 1530.94 / AE.sq. (629), no.35 Ukr-Od 1530.94 / AE. sq. (629), no. 37 Ukr-Od 1530.94 / AE.sq. (310), no.44 Ukr-Od 1530.94 / AE. sq. (1027), no. 46 Ukr-Od 1530.94 / AE. sq. (1027), No. 47 Langdon / Ku-2093, no. 48 Ukr-Od 1530.94 / AE. sq. (1027) and no. 49 Ukr-Od 1530.94 / AE. sq. (1027).

The lines of synthetics that are good as a source material in breeding to improve the traits of plant productivity are identified using:

  • productive tilling capacity;
  • number of spikelets on the main ear; the weight of the main ear; the number of grains on
  • the main ear; the total number of grains per plant; weight of grains of main ear, weight of a grain; yield.

After the grain size analysis using the Smart Grain program, the lines of synthetic wheat were identified. Their caryopses are associated with the best indicators of the grain unit and the milling yield.